Does the curve explain the pattern or remember the noise?
Choose a degree using validation data, lock the choice, then evaluate a fresh seeded test set.
Fit a polynomial by regularised least squares on training rows. Compare validation errors; final tests use a fresh seeded quadratic fixture.
Cut these cards apart. Use the original example first, then let a partner supply a changed case. Keep sealed/final cards with the teacher until the learner commits a rule.
x: -2
y: 4
Split: train
My prediction and reason:
x: -1
y: 1.2
Split: train
My prediction and reason:
x: 0
y: -0.2
Split: train
My prediction and reason:
x: 1
y: 1.1
Split: train
My prediction and reason:
x: 2
y: 4
Split: train
My prediction and reason:
x: -1.5
y: 2.25
Split: validation
My prediction and reason:
x: 1.5
y: 2.25
Split: validation
My prediction and reason:
A synthetic quadratic favours particular hypotheses. Do not tune repeatedly on final tests.