Field notes · Glossary

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Start with the meaning. Follow the link to investigate the mechanism.

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112 terms

ablation: A controlled removal of a component.
See it work in Year 12 →
accountability: A named responsibility to explain, act and correct.
See it work in Year 12 →
activation: A function transforming the sum into an output.
See it work in Year 8 →
aggregate: A measure combining all groups.
See it work in Year 4 →
answerability: Whether available evidence supports the requested answer.
See it work in Year 10 →
appeal: A route to challenge a decision and seek review.
See it work in Year 12 →
assurance case: A structured argument linking claims and evidence.
See it work in Year 12 →
authorisation: Permission for an actor to perform an action.
See it work in Year 11 →
balance: How examples are distributed between groups.
See it work in Year 4 →
baseline: A simple reference system for comparison.
See it work in Year 7 →
bias: A constant added to the weighted sum.
See it work in Year 8 →
branch: One possible path.
See it work in Year 1 →
Brier score: Mean squared difference between probability and binary outcome.
See it work in Year 9 →
calibration: Agreement between predicted probabilities and observed frequencies.
See it work in Year 9 →
capability: An action a system is permitted to perform.
See it work in Year 10 →
capacity: How complex a function the model can express.
See it work in Year 8 →
centroid: An average feature value used as a reference.
See it work in Year 4 →; The mean position of assigned points.
See it work in Year 9 →
chunk: A segment of a document used for retrieval.
See it work in Year 10 →
claim: A statement that can be assessed.
See it work in Year 6 →
classify: Put things in groups using a rule.
See it work in Foundation →
collision: Different inputs producing the same representation.
See it work in Year 3 →
combine: Use clues together.
See it work in Year 2 →
condition: A question a rule checks.
See it work in Year 1 →
confound: Another changed factor that obscures the cause.
See it work in Year 12 →
context window: The bounded text currently available.
See it work in Year 6 →
contract: The assumptions an input or output must satisfy.
See it work in Year 7 →
contradiction: Two claims that cannot both hold in the same sense.
See it work in Year 6 →
controller: The rule that turns signals into actions.
See it work in Year 3 →
coverage: How much of the test space has nearby examples.
See it work in Year 2 →
debug: Find and repair the cause of a problem.
See it work in Foundation →
digest: A fixed-length output computed from data.
See it work in Year 8 →
distance: A computed measure of difference.
See it work in Year 5 →
distribution shift: A change in the kinds or values of inputs.
See it work in Year 4 →
drift: A change in the data or relationship over time.
See it work in Year 11 →
duplicate: Another copy of the same example.
See it work in Year 2 →
evidence: Something observed that helps test an idea.
See it work in Year 1 →
exploration: Showing less-tested options to learn about them.
See it work in Year 5 →
exposure: How often an item is shown.
See it work in Year 5 →
fail closed: Deny action when required checks cannot establish permission.
See it work in Year 11 →
false positive: An alert on a case that is not a target.
See it work in Year 7 →
feature: A property represented as a value.
See it work in Year 2 →
feature availability: When an input can actually be known.
See it work in Year 7 →
feedback loop: Outputs influencing later inputs.
See it work in Year 5 →
generalise: Handle inputs beyond the examples used to learn.
See it work in Year 3 →
governance: Rules and responsibilities for making and reviewing decisions.
See it work in Year 12 →
gradient: The local rate and direction of change in loss.
See it work in Year 9 →
ground truth: The supplied reference label used for checking.
See it work in Year 4 →
grounding: Connecting an answer to relevant supplied evidence.
See it work in Year 10 →
holdout: Examples kept out of training.
See it work in Year 3 →
identify: Work out which person a record describes.
See it work in Year 2 →
inertia: Sum of squared distances to assigned centroids.
See it work in Year 9 →
input: Information given to the system.
See it work in Year 1 →
instruction: One exact action for a machine.
See it work in Foundation →
integrity: Whether data match the version being checked.
See it work in Year 8 →
interaction effect: A component’s effect depending on another factor.
See it work in Year 12 →
label: The name attached to an example.
See it work in Year 2 →
latency: Time between request and response.
See it work in Year 11 →
leakage: Using information that should be unavailable for prediction.
See it work in Year 7 →
learning rate: The multiplier controlling update size.
See it work in Year 9 →
least privilege: Giving only permissions needed for the task.
See it work in Year 10 →
logit: An unbounded score converted to a probability.
See it work in Year 9 →
loss: A numerical penalty to minimise.
See it work in Year 9 →
memorise: Store an exact example.
See it work in Year 3 →
message: Information we send.
See it work in Foundation →
needed: Something the task cannot work without.
See it work in Foundation →
objective: The outcome a system is designed to pursue.
See it work in Year 5 →
offset: A constant added to a measurement.
See it work in Year 4 →
overfitting: Fitting sample-specific detail that does not generalise.
See it work in Year 8 →
overlap: Text repeated across neighbouring chunks.
See it work in Year 10 →
pattern: An arrangement with a describable rule.
See it work in Year 1 →
persistence: How long a condition must remain true.
See it work in Year 3 →
pipeline: Connected data-processing stages.
See it work in Year 7 →
pixel: One cell of an image.
See it work in Year 3 →
precision: How exact a description is.
See it work in Year 2 →; True alerts divided by all alerts.
See it work in Year 7 →
private: Information we do not share freely.
See it work in Foundation →
probability: A value from zero to one, with alternatives summing to one.
See it work in Year 6 →
prompt injection: Untrusted text attempting to redirect system behaviour.
See it work in Year 10 →
property: Something we can notice or measure.
See it work in Foundation →
provenance: A record of origin and transformations.
See it work in Year 8 →; The origin and history of evidence.
See it work in Year 12 →
proxy: A substitute measure for a purpose.
See it work in Year 5 →
qualifier: Words that limit when or how a claim applies.
See it work in Year 6 →
ranking: Items ordered by a chosen score.
See it work in Year 5 →
recall: True alerts divided by all actual targets.
See it work in Year 7 →
reference: A known value used for comparison.
See it work in Year 4 →
refusal: A deliberate decision not to provide an unsupported answer.
See it work in Year 10 →
regression test: A repeatable check that a known behaviour remains correct.
See it work in Year 7 →
reject zone: A range sent for review.
See it work in Year 4 →
repeat: Do the same unit again.
See it work in Year 1 →
representation: The form used to store information.
See it work in Year 3 →
retrieval recall: How much required evidence is retrieved.
See it work in Year 10 →
rollback: Returning to a known earlier system configuration.
See it work in Year 11 →
rolling window: A recent segment updated as new observations arrive.
See it work in Year 11 →
routing policy: Rules deciding where requests are processed.
See it work in Year 11 →
rule: A way to decide.
See it work in Foundation →
sample: The examples we collect.
See it work in Year 2 →
schema: A specification of allowed structure and values.
See it work in Year 11 →
sensor: A device that measures something.
See it work in Year 1 →
sequence: Actions in order.
See it work in Foundation →
signal: The measurement received.
See it work in Year 1 →
stakeholder: Someone affected by or responsible for a system.
See it work in Year 12 →
support: Evidence that warrants a particular claim.
See it work in Year 6 →
temperature: A parameter controlling concentration of a score distribution.
See it work in Year 6 →
threshold: The number at which the decision changes.
See it work in Year 1 →; A decision boundary on a score.
See it work in Year 4 →
throughput: Requests completed per unit time.
See it work in Year 11 →
token: A unit of text chosen by a generator.
See it work in Year 6 →
trace: A record of each step.
See it work in Year 3 →
trade-off: A gain accompanied by a cost elsewhere.
See it work in Year 5 →
training example: An example a model uses to make predictions.
See it work in Year 2 →
truncation: Cutting text to fit a limit.
See it work in Year 6 →
unsupervised: Learning structure without supplied target labels.
See it work in Year 9 →
validation: Data used to choose design settings.
See it work in Year 8 →
weight: How strongly a feature contributes.
See it work in Year 5 →; A multiplier on an input.
See it work in Year 8 →

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Opening your investigation…

Field notes · Glossary

Words you can
put to work.

Start with the meaning. Follow the link to investigate the mechanism.

Find a word or ideaShow meanings introduced by

112 terms

ablation: A controlled removal of a component.
See it work in Year 12 →
accountability: A named responsibility to explain, act and correct.
See it work in Year 12 →
activation: A function transforming the sum into an output.
See it work in Year 8 →
aggregate: A measure combining all groups.
See it work in Year 4 →
answerability: Whether available evidence supports the requested answer.
See it work in Year 10 →
appeal: A route to challenge a decision and seek review.
See it work in Year 12 →
assurance case: A structured argument linking claims and evidence.
See it work in Year 12 →
authorisation: Permission for an actor to perform an action.
See it work in Year 11 →
balance: How examples are distributed between groups.
See it work in Year 4 →
baseline: A simple reference system for comparison.
See it work in Year 7 →
bias: A constant added to the weighted sum.
See it work in Year 8 →
branch: One possible path.
See it work in Year 1 →
Brier score: Mean squared difference between probability and binary outcome.
See it work in Year 9 →
calibration: Agreement between predicted probabilities and observed frequencies.
See it work in Year 9 →
capability: An action a system is permitted to perform.
See it work in Year 10 →
capacity: How complex a function the model can express.
See it work in Year 8 →
centroid: An average feature value used as a reference.
See it work in Year 4 →; The mean position of assigned points.
See it work in Year 9 →
chunk: A segment of a document used for retrieval.
See it work in Year 10 →
claim: A statement that can be assessed.
See it work in Year 6 →
classify: Put things in groups using a rule.
See it work in Foundation →
collision: Different inputs producing the same representation.
See it work in Year 3 →
combine: Use clues together.
See it work in Year 2 →
condition: A question a rule checks.
See it work in Year 1 →
confound: Another changed factor that obscures the cause.
See it work in Year 12 →
context window: The bounded text currently available.
See it work in Year 6 →
contract: The assumptions an input or output must satisfy.
See it work in Year 7 →
contradiction: Two claims that cannot both hold in the same sense.
See it work in Year 6 →
controller: The rule that turns signals into actions.
See it work in Year 3 →
coverage: How much of the test space has nearby examples.
See it work in Year 2 →
debug: Find and repair the cause of a problem.
See it work in Foundation →
digest: A fixed-length output computed from data.
See it work in Year 8 →
distance: A computed measure of difference.
See it work in Year 5 →
distribution shift: A change in the kinds or values of inputs.
See it work in Year 4 →
drift: A change in the data or relationship over time.
See it work in Year 11 →
duplicate: Another copy of the same example.
See it work in Year 2 →
evidence: Something observed that helps test an idea.
See it work in Year 1 →
exploration: Showing less-tested options to learn about them.
See it work in Year 5 →
exposure: How often an item is shown.
See it work in Year 5 →
fail closed: Deny action when required checks cannot establish permission.
See it work in Year 11 →
false positive: An alert on a case that is not a target.
See it work in Year 7 →
feature: A property represented as a value.
See it work in Year 2 →
feature availability: When an input can actually be known.
See it work in Year 7 →
feedback loop: Outputs influencing later inputs.
See it work in Year 5 →
generalise: Handle inputs beyond the examples used to learn.
See it work in Year 3 →
governance: Rules and responsibilities for making and reviewing decisions.
See it work in Year 12 →
gradient: The local rate and direction of change in loss.
See it work in Year 9 →
ground truth: The supplied reference label used for checking.
See it work in Year 4 →
grounding: Connecting an answer to relevant supplied evidence.
See it work in Year 10 →
holdout: Examples kept out of training.
See it work in Year 3 →
identify: Work out which person a record describes.
See it work in Year 2 →
inertia: Sum of squared distances to assigned centroids.
See it work in Year 9 →
input: Information given to the system.
See it work in Year 1 →
instruction: One exact action for a machine.
See it work in Foundation →
integrity: Whether data match the version being checked.
See it work in Year 8 →
interaction effect: A component’s effect depending on another factor.
See it work in Year 12 →
label: The name attached to an example.
See it work in Year 2 →
latency: Time between request and response.
See it work in Year 11 →
leakage: Using information that should be unavailable for prediction.
See it work in Year 7 →
learning rate: The multiplier controlling update size.
See it work in Year 9 →
least privilege: Giving only permissions needed for the task.
See it work in Year 10 →
logit: An unbounded score converted to a probability.
See it work in Year 9 →
loss: A numerical penalty to minimise.
See it work in Year 9 →
memorise: Store an exact example.
See it work in Year 3 →
message: Information we send.
See it work in Foundation →
needed: Something the task cannot work without.
See it work in Foundation →
objective: The outcome a system is designed to pursue.
See it work in Year 5 →
offset: A constant added to a measurement.
See it work in Year 4 →
overfitting: Fitting sample-specific detail that does not generalise.
See it work in Year 8 →
overlap: Text repeated across neighbouring chunks.
See it work in Year 10 →
pattern: An arrangement with a describable rule.
See it work in Year 1 →
persistence: How long a condition must remain true.
See it work in Year 3 →
pipeline: Connected data-processing stages.
See it work in Year 7 →
pixel: One cell of an image.
See it work in Year 3 →
precision: How exact a description is.
See it work in Year 2 →; True alerts divided by all alerts.
See it work in Year 7 →
private: Information we do not share freely.
See it work in Foundation →
probability: A value from zero to one, with alternatives summing to one.
See it work in Year 6 →
prompt injection: Untrusted text attempting to redirect system behaviour.
See it work in Year 10 →
property: Something we can notice or measure.
See it work in Foundation →
provenance: A record of origin and transformations.
See it work in Year 8 →; The origin and history of evidence.
See it work in Year 12 →
proxy: A substitute measure for a purpose.
See it work in Year 5 →
qualifier: Words that limit when or how a claim applies.
See it work in Year 6 →
ranking: Items ordered by a chosen score.
See it work in Year 5 →
recall: True alerts divided by all actual targets.
See it work in Year 7 →
reference: A known value used for comparison.
See it work in Year 4 →
refusal: A deliberate decision not to provide an unsupported answer.
See it work in Year 10 →
regression test: A repeatable check that a known behaviour remains correct.
See it work in Year 7 →
reject zone: A range sent for review.
See it work in Year 4 →
repeat: Do the same unit again.
See it work in Year 1 →
representation: The form used to store information.
See it work in Year 3 →
retrieval recall: How much required evidence is retrieved.
See it work in Year 10 →
rollback: Returning to a known earlier system configuration.
See it work in Year 11 →
rolling window: A recent segment updated as new observations arrive.
See it work in Year 11 →
routing policy: Rules deciding where requests are processed.
See it work in Year 11 →
rule: A way to decide.
See it work in Foundation →
sample: The examples we collect.
See it work in Year 2 →
schema: A specification of allowed structure and values.
See it work in Year 11 →
sensor: A device that measures something.
See it work in Year 1 →
sequence: Actions in order.
See it work in Foundation →
signal: The measurement received.
See it work in Year 1 →
stakeholder: Someone affected by or responsible for a system.
See it work in Year 12 →
support: Evidence that warrants a particular claim.
See it work in Year 6 →
temperature: A parameter controlling concentration of a score distribution.
See it work in Year 6 →
threshold: The number at which the decision changes.
See it work in Year 1 →; A decision boundary on a score.
See it work in Year 4 →
throughput: Requests completed per unit time.
See it work in Year 11 →
token: A unit of text chosen by a generator.
See it work in Year 6 →
trace: A record of each step.
See it work in Year 3 →
trade-off: A gain accompanied by a cost elsewhere.
See it work in Year 5 →
training example: An example a model uses to make predictions.
See it work in Year 2 →
truncation: Cutting text to fit a limit.
See it work in Year 6 →
unsupervised: Learning structure without supplied target labels.
See it work in Year 9 →
validation: Data used to choose design settings.
See it work in Year 8 →
weight: How strongly a feature contributes.
See it work in Year 5 →; A multiplier on an input.
See it work in Year 8 →

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